Theera Srisawat1 
,
Parinuch Chumkaew1,
Waraporn Heed-Chim1,
Yaowapa Sukpondma2,
Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon3
For correspondence:- Theera Srisawat Email: theera918s@hotmail.com Tel:+6677355040
Received: 18 October 2012 Accepted: 7 January 2013 Published: 21 February 2013
Citation: Srisawat T, Chumkaew P, Heed-Chim W, Sukpondma Y, Kanokwiroon K. Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity of Crude Extracts of Vatica diospyroides Symington Type LS. Trop J Pharm Res 2013; 12(1):71-76 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i1.12
© 2013 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Purpose: To investigate the phytochemistry and cytotoxic activity of the leaf, branch and fruit extracts of Vatica diospyroides Symington type LS, an endangered medicinal plant in the peninsula of Thailand.
Methods: Extracts of the mature leaves, branches and fruit (both cotyledon and pericarp) of five-year old tree were obtained using various organic solvents. Thin–layer chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical screening were employed to identify the chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity was characterized by 50 % inhibition (IC50) of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results: The extracts of the plant parts differed in chemical composition. Terpenoids and anthraquinones were present in all extracts, while cardiac glycosides and tannins were isolated from the branches and leaves, respectively. The acetone and methanol extracts of the fruit cotyledons were highly cytotoxic against MDA-MB-468 cell line (IC50 = 3.1 µg/ml for both extracts), whereas acetone and dichloromethane extracts of the fruit pericarps were highly active against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 18.2 and 21.0 µg/ml, respectively). The other extracts were less active.
Conclusion: This work revealed the potentials of V. diospyroides fruit as a cytotoxic agent against human breast cancer cell lines. However, further studies, including identification and purification of the active compounds, will need to be pursued.
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